Acid is a type of chemical substance that, when dissolved in water, produces hydrogen ions (H+). It is characterized by its sour taste, ability to turn blue litmus paper red, and its corrosive nature. Acids have a pH value less than 7 on the pH scale, indicating their acidic nature.
Acids are classified into two categories based on their solubility: (1) mineral acids and (2) organic acids. Mineral acids, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4), are derived from inorganic compounds and are typically strong acids. Organic acids, such as acetic acid (CH3COOH) found in vinegar, are derived from living organisms and are generally weaker acids.
Acids react with certain metals, called reactive metals, to produce hydrogen gas (H2). They also react with bases to form a salt and water in a chemical process known as neutralization. The strength of an acid is determined by its concentration of hydrogen ions. Strong acids dissociate completely in water to release a large number of hydrogen ions, while weak acids release a smaller number.
Some common examples of acids include hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), nitric acid (HNO3), and acetic acid (CH3COOH). Acids are widely used in various industries, laboratories, and everyday applications, ranging from food preservation to cleaning agents, fertilizers, and battery electrolytes.
In this post we cover What is Acid, Acid Class 10 Science .
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